Normal Blood Sugar For 29 Year Old Female - Arcondicionadoautomotivok2

Home >> normal blood sugar for 29 year old female

Normal Blood Sugar Levels Chart normal blood sugar for 29 year old female High Blood Sugar Symptoms, maltodextrin have any effect on blood sugar.

As if the issue isn t severe enough, irritation leads to insulin resistance, which solely worsens hyperglycemia Risk components that lead to cardiovascular issues are numerous, and excessive blood sugar is certainly one of them Although proof on this topic continues to be relatively scarce, preliminary findings do present that hyperglycemia is a vital prognostic consider acute heart failure Take Arcondicionadoautomotivok2 normal blood sugar for 29 year old female breaks throughout a sedentary workday, add a stroll around the block to your morning routine, normal blood sugar for 29 year old female or attempt a brand new type of exercise These actions deliver nice profit in each the quick and long term whereas helping scale back your overall stress Including regular energy coaching and aerobic train will assist to lower glucose values, as properly.

The patient with diabetes is at increased danger for cardiovascular disease, renal failure, neuropathies, and diabetic retinopathy Research studies such because the Diabetes Control and normal blood sugar for 29 year old female Blood Sugar Levels Chart Complications Trial have indicated that tight control of blood glucose ranges resulted within the delay or prevention of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy Blood glucose levels at 1 hr after starting a meal are thought of one of the best predictor for subsequent fetal macrosomia Target blood glucose ranges are ninety mg dL or much less and 120 to one can a cold affect your blood sugar levels hundred forty mg dL postprandially The patient and her associate should be instructed that meals, stress, inactivity, and hormones elevate blood normal blood sugar for 29 year old female glucose ranges and that exercise and insulin lower them Women who have no medical or obstetrical contraindicting components ought to be encouraged to participate in an accredited train program, as a end result of bodily exercise increases insulin receptor sensitivity.

Chronic hyperglycemia significantly increases the risk of DM complications Diabetes is a serious explanation for morbidity normal blood sugar for 29 year old female and mortality, although these outcomes aren t as a result of instant results of the disorder They are as an alternative related to the ailments that develop on account of continual diabetes mellitus These include ailments of enormous blood vessels and small blood vessels , in addition to ailments of the nerves Type 1 diabetes, beforehand known as juvenile diabetes, is probably the most extreme type of the disease.

Patients need to devour a diet with no much less than a hundred and fifty g per day of carbohydrates for 3 to 5 days and not take any medicines that may impression glucose tolerance, similar to steroids and thiazide diuretics DM is broadly classified into three types by etiology and scientific presentation, type 1 diabetes, sort 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes Some other much less common types of diabetes include monogenic diabetes and secondary diabetes Some medication control blood sugar spikes that come proper after meals, as an example Others are more effective at stopping drops in blood sugar between diet and treatment low blood sugar meals Some might assist with weight reduction or ldl cholesterol, in addition to your diabetes.

Some individuals can handle sort 2 diabetes with healthy eating and train However, your physician might have to prescribe oral medicines and or insulin that will help you meet your target blood sugar ranges Even if you needn t deal with your diabetes with medications at first, you may have to over time In basic, the American Diabetes Association recommends taking pictures for a blood sugar degree of 80 to 130 mg dL before a meal and a level of lower than a hundred and eighty mg dL after a meal Still, because folks s goal blood glucose levels can vary, it is best to work together with your doctor or health normal blood sugar for 29 year old female Blood Sugar Levels Chart care provider to determine the best numbers for you.

How long what should my blood sugar be in the afternoon does the blood sugar have to be below say maltodextrin have any effect on blood sugar Blood Sugar Levels Chart one hundred forty each day what does having high blood sugar do However, dramatic fluctuations in your blood glucose levels may indicate problems This quantity is different from the blood sugar numbers that you just verify every day You and your health care team will resolve on an A1C objective that s best for you Check your blood sugar and see whether it is above your target degree or over one hundred eighty.

It is advised to eat a small meal to stop any additional drop in blood maltodextrin have any effect on blood sugar Blood Sugar Levels Chart sugar These variations in blood sugar ranges, each before and after meals, reflect the method in which that the body absorbs and stores glucose After you eat, your physique breaks down the carbohydrates in food into smaller normal blood sugar for 29 year old female parts, including glucose, which the small intestine can absorb This new blood sugar tracking worksheet was designed for monitoring each normal blood sugar for 29 year old female mg dL and insulin dose type You also can normal blood sugar for 29 year old female report the type of exercise eg before bedtime or earlier than meal , and add notes similar to medicine, food regimen, and exercise.

The risk of diabetes will increase with age, from 28 per cent in folks aged 35 to 44, to 15zero per cent in these aged sixty five to seventy four Aboriginal people have one of many highest charges of type 2 diabetes on the planet Impact of sort of preadmission sulfonylureas on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic sufferers with acute myocardial infarction 19Zheng Y, Ley SH, Hu FB Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its problems elevenFelner EI, Klitz W, Ham M, Lazaro AM, Stastny P, Dupont B, White PC Genetic interaction amongst three genomic regions creates distinct contributions to early and late onset type 1 diabetes mellitus However, it s unclear how metformin plays a role in modulating most cancers in patients with diabetes.

With a rise in age, the prevalence of DM also will increase About 25 of the population above sixty five years of age has diabetes You would possibly find that including a second drug doesn t convey your blood sugar under management.

On the flipside, hyperglycemia happens when your blood sugar is simply too high, and might occur to nondiabetics Symptoms embody frequent urination, elevated thirst and headache If you think you are hyperglycemic and might t hold fluids or food down, call for emergency medical assistance An impaired glucose tolerance test involves taking a concentrated amount of glucose after which measuring blood sugar ranges after two hours Click on the normal blood sugar for 29 year old female picture under to view a larger blood sugar ranges chart There could also be times when you ve trouble reaching your blood sugar objectives.

The result is usually inflammation in the gums, in addition to redness Dental an infection can develop, Arcondicionadoautomotivok2 normal blood sugar for 29 year old female leading to ulcers, tooth loss, and more The biggest downside right here is that an inflammatory response induced by one short term episode of hyperglycemia could last for several days.

Foods with a excessive glycemic index enhance blood sugar rapidly What should you do in case your physician orders a fasting blood sugar test The preparation is identical as if you take a fasting take a look at for cholesterol.

Alcohol is excessive in sugar and calories, which may raise the danger of sort 2 diabetes Drinking reasonably isn t likely to lead to type 2 diabetes, however extreme consuming over time is often a set off for its development The quantity of carbs and sugar varies in every alcohol, so it s essential to pay attention to labels and serving sizes when contemplating secure alcohol and blood sugar practices People with diabetes shouldn t count the calories in an alcoholic drink as a carbohydrate alternative of their meal plan If you re having symptoms of low blood sugar, deal with with 15 grams of rapid acting carbohydrate and re test in 15 minutes If an individual is unable to talk and or is not alert, deal with with glucagon via injection or nasal spray.

Resistance coaching, similar to power workouts, has been proven to enhance blood sugar management For people with diabetes, being aware of how food will influence blood sugar is an on an everyday basis feat Managing blood sugar has both short term and long term benefits, including reducing the risk of diabetes related issues When making food decisions whereas managing blood sugar levels, it is very important select ones that won t trigger your blood sugar to extend quickly and significantly Look for whether or not meals have complex or easy carbohydrates and opt for complex carbohydrates when possible Blood tests are extra widespread urine checks for measuring blood sugar.

This food plan contains low calorie, low glycemic index fruits, and greens Few of the Arcondicionadoautomotivok2 normal blood sugar for 29 year old female common oils that are most likely to disrupt good cholesterol ought to be replaced with healthier alternate options as enlisted under Diabetes is outlined as a illness by which the physique has an impaired capacity to either produce or reply to the hormone insulin.

Blood sugar testing requires the usage of a blood sugar meter The meter measures the quantity of sugar in a small sample of blood, often out of your fingertip, that you simply place on a disposable take a look at strip Even when you normal blood sugar for 29 year old female use a CGM, you ll still need a blood sugar meter to calibrate your CGM system day by day Transmetatarsal amputation entails surgical Arcondicionadoautomotivok2 normal blood sugar for 29 year old female removal of part of the foot that includes the metatarsals.

There are many meters available on the market, for example, Accu Check Advantage, One Touch Ultra, Sure normal blood sugar for 29 year old female Step and Freestyle Each meter has its personal advantages and downsides some use less blood, some have a larger digital readout, some take a shorter time to give you results, etc The check results are then used to help patients make adjustments in medicines, diets, and physical actions Treatment goals to take care of wholesome blood glucose levels to prevent each short and long term issues, such as heart illness, kidney illness, blindness and decrease limb amputation Insulin replacement remedy is required by all people with kind 1 diabetes, as properly as by a proportion of individuals with different forms of diabetes as their condition worsens over time.

The fetus can have increased weight and size or congenital anomalies Even after birth, such infants might have respiratory distress syndrome and subsequent childhood and adolescent obesity Older age, weight problems, extreme gestational weight achieve, historical past of congenital anomalies in earlier children, or stillbirth, or a household historical past of diabetes are risk factors for GDM Hyperglycaemia, which is first detected during being pregnant, is classed as gestational diabetes mellitus , also referred to as hyperglycemia in pregnancy Although it can happen anytime throughout being pregnant, GDM generally affects pregnant ladies during the second and third trimesters.

Diabetes also will increase the chance of other serious vision situations, similar to cataracts and glaucoma The kidneys include hundreds of thousands of tiny blood vessel clusters that filter waste out of your blood Severe damage can result in kidney failure or irreversible How Do You Get Diabetes normal blood sugar for 29 year old female end stage kidney disease, which may require dialysis or a kidney transplant Diabetes dramatically increases the chance of assorted cardiovascular issues, including coronary artery disease with chest ache , heart normal blood sugar for 29 year old female assault, stroke and narrowing of arteries.

In both Type I and Type II diabetes, the cells within the body are unable to absorb glucose from the blood and turn out to be starved of energy To get the energy it needs, the body turns to different sources, breaking down fats and proteins to feed glucose starved cells This breakdown results in weight reduction, regardless of an elevated urge for food.

Your physique has a myriad of ways to make extra blood sugar in addition to making various sources of power like ketones But we don t have any method to make more blood pressure The physique can defend blood glucose levels a lot better than it could shield blood strain.

This check tells you your common blood sugar degree over the previous 2 to 3 months Your blood sugar numbers show how properly your diabetes is managed And managing your diabetes means that you ve less probability of having critical health issues, similar to kidney disease and imaginative and prescient loss There is not any perfect formulation for exercising to minimize back your blood sugar However, it s generally understood that you ll need to get your heart price up and that longer durations of bodily exercise require extra glucose for energy, normal blood sugar for 29 year old female which lowers your blood sugar You can also click on here for a printable blood sugar chart showing target values at completely different occasions of the day for diabetics and non diabetics.

For this cause, a decrease dose of 300 mg is usually recommended Berberine is assumed to assist with blood sugar as a outcome of it could improve insulin sensitivity and help sugar move into your muscular tissues easier This review also famous that taking berberine alongside diabetes treatment lowered participant s blood sugar significantly more than just medication alone If you already have diabetes and are on treatment, focus on these supplements with your doctor Some ingredients can interfere with diabetes medication since each are performing the same job.

Thus, if the patient is insulin resistant, they want to take motion High blood sugar damages nerves and interferes with their capacity to send indicators, which causes what to do with high blood sugar immediately diabetic neuropathy Damage of this type usually impacts eyes, kidneys, toes, and different parts of a patient s body.

They aren t meant to diagnose, cure, forestall or deal with any illness or condition This program and its providers shouldn t be used for the monitoring or management of diabetes The NutriSense applications and companies are to assist members discover and attain their well being potential DKA could be fatal if left untreated, so anybody experiencing these signs ought to seek care instantly.

It s the a part of the attention that is sensitive to mild and sends messages to your brain about what you see Diabetes can damage and weaken the small blood vessels within the retina When the blood vessels of your retina are broken, fluid can leak from them and trigger swelling in your macula.

Effect of extreme undernutrition on power and protein utilization Glucose is regulated by a series of metabolic processes, largely led by the hormone insulin, produced by the pancreas Get factually right, actionable suggestions delivered straight to your inbox as soon as every week A small bandage is utilized over the location from where blood has been drawn.

Type 1 diabetes happens at every age and in people of each race, form, and size There isn t any disgrace in having it, and you have a group of people able to assist you Learning as a lot as you probably can about it and working intently with your diabetes care group can give normal blood sugar for 29 year old female you everything you want to thrive Whether you ve been newly recognized, have been fighting in opposition to type 1 or kind 2 normal blood sugar for 29 year old female diabetes for some time, or are helping a liked one, you ve come to the right place.

What s extra, more than 8 in 10 of them don t know they have it With prediabetes, blood sugar levels are higher than regular, but not excessive sufficient yet to be diagnosed as kind 2 diabetes Prediabetes raises your risk for type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke The good news is when you have prediabetes, a CDC recognized life style change programcan help blood sugar types you take wholesome steps to reverse it.

Diabetes might go away you more susceptible to skin problems, including bacterial and fungal infections The extra fatty tissue you ve, the extra resistant your cells turn out to be to insulin Certain countries, such as Finland and Sweden, have larger charges of kind 1 diabetes.

Inovine Meetings LLC extends its heartfelt welcome to 3rd World Congress on Diabetes Endocrinology that will be held in Dubai, UAE during May 09 10, 2022 The convention will be organised across the theme Trending Medical Research and Recent developments for Changing Life of Diabetes World Tailored, personalised help to reduce the danger of Type 2 diabetes.

Other risk elements can embrace having certain infections or ailments of the pancreas Glucose is a vital nutrient that gives energy for the proper functioning of the body cells However, glucose can t enter the cells alone and desires insulin to help in its transport into the cells Without insulin, the cells become starved of glucose power despite the presence of ample glucose in the bloodstream In certain forms of diabetes, the cells lack of ability to make the most of glucose gives rise to the ironic situation of starvation within the midst of lots.

Type 2 diabetes is typically tied to people who discover themselves obese with a sedentary way of life If you re taking too little insulin, your blood sugar can rise to a dangerously high degree Your cells usually are not getting the sugar, or vitality, they need As mentioned above, high blood sugar levels can result in the long term complications and can also be life threatening Thirty minutes of moderate intensity physical exercise on most days and a nutritious diet can drastically reduce the chance of creating type 2 diabetes Over time, having too much glucose in your blood may cause severe issues.

Most of the time, the following therapy strategies are suggested to do at residence yourself Having a sugary drink or snack might help increase blood sugar ranges and steadiness out and enhance any symptoms Even a small juice of juice or sweets can enhance weak spot and comparable symptoms For these with low blood sugar ranges, management and treatment is a little simpler to do yourself If you discover your blood sugar is simply too low and you discover signs, always search medical attention.

Then, we What Is Normal Blood Sugar normal blood sugar for 29 year old female are going to get into what blood sugar levels to aim for, tips on how normal blood sugar for 29 year old female Low Blood Sugar Symptoms to monitor your levels at residence, and what to do if your numbers diabetes screening uspstf are larger than they should be During the day, levels are usually at their lowest simply before meals For most individuals without diabetes, blood sugar levels before meals hover round 70 to 80 mg dL As per medical sciences having a 99mg dl is taken into account to be a great studying on a traditional blood sugar level chart If it goes beyond that ie from between a hundred maltodextrin have any effect on blood sugar Blood Sugar Levels Chart to one hundred twenty five mg dl, is an indication of prediabetes.

A rare form of DM caused by continual tropical pancreatitis and destruction of insulin producing islet cells DM caused by illnesses of the ovaries, Signs Of Low Blood Sugar maltodextrin have any effect on blood sugar pituitary, thyroid, or adrenal glands Information on what to do on sick days when nausea, vomiting, or respiratory an infection can interfere with the usual meals and exercise.

Diagnostic criteria for diabetes associated problems are presented in table 1 Treatment was defined because the proportion of individuals taking medicine for diabetes amongst those recognized How Do You Get Diabetes normal blood sugar for 29 year old female with the illness Control was defined because the proportion of individuals with an HbA1c concentration of lower than 70 among sufferers with diabetes who have been taking medication Conclusion The prevalence of diabetes has increased barely from 2007 to 2017 amongst adults residing in China The findings point out that diabetes is an important public health problem in China.

According to the American Diabetes Association, a current study found that hearing loss was twice as common in folks with diabetes versus those who didn t have diabetes Also, the rate of hearing loss how does stress affect blood sugar in people with prediabetes was 30 larger in contrast with those who had normal blood glucose levels Scientists suppose diabetes damages the blood vessels in the internal ear, however more analysis is needed.

Physical activity helps you control your weight, makes use of up glucose as vitality and makes your cells more delicate to insulin When your glucose levels are low, corresponding to when you haven t eaten in a while, the liver breaks down saved glycogen into glucose to maintain your glucose stage within a normal blood sugar for 29 year old female standard range Joseph von Mering and Oskar Minkowski in 1889 found the role of pancreas in diabetes They discovered that canines whose pancreas was eliminated developed all of the signs and signs of diabetes and died shortly maltodextrin have any effect on blood sugar Blood Sugar Levels Chart afterwards The time period diabetes is the shortened version of the full name diabetes mellitus.

Due to this, glucose builds up in your blood and doesn t reach your cells Adding exercise and eating healthy might help with diabetes management and the prevention of secondary illnesses Those with kind 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes can treat their high blood sugar with a change in food plan or exercise For those with high blood rapid rise in blood sugar sugar ranges, it is vital to keep observe of your blood sugars at house on a day by day basis These take a look at displays are sometimes supplied to diabetic patients in order that they will manage their blood sugar ranges at house on a daily basis They are available to buy online if you re non diabetic Arcondicionadoautomotivok2 normal blood sugar for 29 year old female but wish to verify on your levels regularly for safety.

This is as a result of there s both not sufficient insulin to maneuver the glucose, or the insulin produced does not work properly Many people have type 2 diabetes for years with out realising as a result of the early symptoms are typically common In the UK, round 90 of all adults with diabetes have type 2 Healthdirect s info and recommendation are developed normal blood sugar for 29 year old female and managed within a rigorous scientific governance framework This website is licensed by the Health On The Net foundation, the usual for trustworthy health data.

The woman s feelings about her being pregnant and diabetes in addition to her help system ought to be rigorously assessed The patient is taught about deep breathing and relaxation workout routines and inspired to engage in activities that she enjoys and finds enjoyable She and her companion should be taught to acknowledge interplay tensions and ways to deal with these to limit stress in their surroundings Type 2 diabetes is more frequent in adults and accounts for around 90 of all diabetes instances When you ve kind 2 diabetes, your body doesn t make good use of the insulin that it produces The cornerstone of kind 2 diabetes remedy is wholesome way of life, together with elevated bodily activity and healthy diet.

Maintaining a low degree of physical exercise, on the other hand, means extra glucose will remain in the bloodstream This raises your my blood sugar high after dinner overall blood glucose values in the course of Additionally, the A1C test is measuring your common glucose value over the past three months, however averages .

How Are Lipids Stored In The Body

inherently normal blood sugar for 29 year old female don t seize highs and lows So, you could have a traditional average while also having irregular glucose spikes The A1C check ought to only supplement your common blood sugar testing, not exchange it completely According to the CDC, managing stress, staying Arcondicionadoautomotivok2 normal blood sugar for 29 year old female energetic, and sustaining a balanced food regimen of fiber, protein, and fats, might help forestall the event of sort 2 diabetes.

It implies that you and your well being care team should see if changes are wanted Call your health care team if your blood sugar is often too excessive or too low Taking motion will assist you to be healthy at present and in the future Fiber has a slew of well being benefits helping to control digestion, bowel movements, blood sugar ranges, LDL cholesterol, and more.

Type 2 diabetes can sometimes be managed with wholesome eating and regular exercise alone, however can also require drugs or insulin therapy Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease and normal blood sugar for 29 year old female is also called insulin dependent diabetes People with sort 1 diabetes aren t in a place to produce their very own insulin and cannot regulate their blood sugar because their physique is attacking the pancreas Roughly 10 per cent of individuals living with diabetes have type 1, insulin dependent diabetes Type 2 diabetes is the most common diagnosis, followed by type 1 diabetes Gestational diabetes occurs throughout being pregnant, and is normally short term.

So do folks globally who live in colder, northern climates Furthermore, kind 1 diabetes onset is extra more doubtless to happen within the winter months It has been noticed to be triggered by viral infections A recent research discovered that individuals who saved a food diary misplaced twice as a lot weight as normal blood sugar for 29 year old female those that didn t A written document helps you determine problem areas such as your afternoon snack or .

What Foods Help Lower Blood Sugar

your morning latte where you re getting extra calories than you realized It also increases your awareness of what, why, and the way a lot you re consuming, which helps you in the discount of on senseless snacking.

This could be remedied with a fast boost of sugar , then one thing extra substantial such as fruit A particular person with kind 1 diabetes should have lollies on hand always, simply in case Statins are the first line treatment for the management of dyslipidemia in diabetics Chronic hyperglycemia also causes nonenzymatic glycation of proteins and lipids.

They re additionally rich in antioxidants referred to as polyphenols which improve blood sugar levels and inflammation in diabetic adults Fresh, frozen, and freeze dried blueberries will all give you these advantages Legumes like beans, peas, chickpeas, and lentils are a fantastic source of fiber, protein, and complicated carbohydrates They assist moderate blood sugar after meals and can support decrease blood sugar levels general Coldwater fish like cod, haddock, salmon, pollock, or tuna are good sources of protein, omega fatty acids, nutritional vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.

Many that require to be taken alongside a meal solely work for the meal normal blood sugar for 29 year old female that they are taken with If you don t take the capsule with a meal, it is not going to work One focal point is that common cinnamon accommodates fairly a little bit of coumarin, which might harm your liver.

If you want to study the symptoms of excessive blood sugar ranges, you ve come to the right place Too low a degree of blood sugar, a condition known as hypoglycemia, could be attributable to the normal blood sugar for 29 year old female presence of an excessive amount of insulin or by different hormone issues or liver disease A blood glucose take a look at is a blood take a look at that screens for diabetes by measuring the level of glucose in a person s blood Normal blood glucose degree vary inside 70 to ninety nine mg dL 39 to 55 mmol L According to the American Diabetes Association, maintaining a wholesome weight might help scale back your danger of creating excessive blood glucose and diabetes If you re working toward a wholesome weight, the ADA recommends creating a sustainable routine you can stick with and focusing your efforts towards realistic objectives.

This reality sheet addresses the AMP analysis plan for type 2 diabetes If you ve diabetes, your physician may display screen you for despair or cognitive impairment Older adults with diabetes are at greater threat for these circumstances, compared with others their age who do not have diabetes.

If you re over sixty five, ensure you have had the pneumonia vaccine If you had been younger than sixty five whenever you had the pneumonia vaccine, you could .

How To Lower Blood Sugar Immediately Without Medication

want another one Your physician may want you to be tested for diabetes twice before making a prognosis.

If you have gestational diabetes, this type of diabetes ends with the start of your youngster However, having gestational diabetes is a threat factor for growing Type 2 diabetes Diabetes Forum App Find help, ask questions and share your experiences with 328,007 members of the normal blood sugar for 29 year old female diabetes community Low Carb Program Join 450,000 folks on the award winning app to help more healthy habits and weight loss for individuals with obesity, prediabetes and sort 2 diabetes Hypo Program The first complete, free and open to all on line step by step information to enhancing hypo awareness Diabetes is a illness attributable to excessive ranges of blood sugar in your physique.

If the pancreas doesn t make sufficient insulin or stops making it altogether, in the case of type 1 diabetes glucose levels within the blood can rise too high Another situation is that the pancreas makes sufficient insulin but the cells have hassle utilizing it correctly, inflicting blood glucose levels to rise This is called insulin resistance and is the hallmark of kind 2 diabetes.

Over time, diabetes can result in blindness, kidney failure, and nerve harm These forms of damage are the results of injury to small vessels, known as microvascular illness This figure exhibits the impression of diabetes inside chosen population teams in 2017 18 Rates have been 12 2three occasions as high in Remote and really blood sugar levels in the morning should be distant areas normal blood sugar for 29 year old female as Major cities.

Assistance is offered to assist the affected person develop optimistic coping strategies It is estimated that 23 million Americans might be diabetic by the 12 months 2030 The growing prevalence of obesity coincides with the increasing incidence of diabetes approx 45 of these recognized obtain optimum care according to established guidelines According to the CDC, the NIH, and the ADA, about 40 of Americans between ages 40 and seventy four have prediabetes, putting them at increased risk for kind 2 diabetes and heart problems.

The therapy contains modifications in food plan, oral medications, and in some instances, day by day injections of insulin The food you eat impacts glucose ranges, so it s essential to study what s greatest for you to eat, how a lot, and when If you may be chubby, work with your well being care group to give you a plan to shed weight As a part of your plan, your physician might prescribe a number of drugs.

Bariatric surgical food for lower blood sugar procedure is another treatment option that s an indirect treatment for diabetes Bariatric surgery is an possibility in case you have Type 2 diabetes, are overweight and thought of an excellent candidate for this sort of surgical procedure Much improved blood glucose ranges are seen in people who have misplaced a significant amount of weight If you may have diabetes, your body isn t in a place to correctly course of and use glucose from the food you normal blood sugar for 29 year old female eat.

Treatment of diabetes includes diet and bodily activity together with lowering of blood glucose and the degrees of other identified threat factors that harm blood vessels Tobacco use cessation is also important to avoid complications Patients with Type I diabetes need day by day injections of insulin to help their bodies use glucose The quantity and kind of insulin required is dependent upon the height, weight, age, meals intake, and activity degree of the individual diabetic affected person Some patients with Type II diabetes may have to make use of insulin injections if their diabetes can t be managed with food regimen, train, and oral medicine.

If you ve simply eaten, your blood sugar levels will go up, after which they ll settle back down If you have diabetes, however, your blood sugar levels might need to be specially managed Everyone will reply in another way to certain elements, which is why it s necessary to have individualized goal glucose levels Of course, tiredness is a reasonably nonspecific symptom and may even be an indication of low blood sugar, as Dr Adimoolam points out.

The affected person with diabetes is at elevated threat for heart problems, renal failure, neuropathies, and diabetic retinopathy Research studies such as the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial have indicated that tight .

What Are Good Diabetes Numbers

management of blood glucose ranges resulted within the delay or prevention of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy Blood glucose ranges at 1 hr after beginning a meal are considered the best predictor for subsequent fetal macrosomia Target blood glucose ranges are ninety mg dL or much less and one hundred twenty to one hundred forty mg dL postprandially The affected person and her partner must be instructed that meals, stress, inactivity, and hormones elevate blood glucose levels and that train and insulin lower them Women who have no medical or obstetrical contraindicting factors must be encouraged to participate in an approved exercise program, as a result of bodily exercise increases insulin receptor sensitivity.

If you ve diabetes, your healthcare provider may prescribe insulin to help hold your blood sugar within the regular range When your blood sugar is excessive, it s best to keep away from foods that will add to the issue, like foods with easy carbohydrates, or refined sugars Stick to meals with a low glycemic load, like non starchy vegetables, complete grains, can breastfeeding affect blood sugar levels and meals with extra wholesome fat and protein Foods with fiber can help gradual the discharge of blood sugar and thus are helpful when blood sugar is high.

Antidiabetic remedy needs re evaluation when BSL falls below 56 mmol liter 100 mg dl and modification of antidiabetic remedy is essential if BSL drops below 39 mmol liter 70 mg dl If your blood sugar ranges are too high, you ll find a way to experience symptoms like How Do You Get Diabetes normal blood sugar for 29 year old female frequent urination and increased thirst Left untreated, hyperglycemia can turn into diabetic ketoacidosis, which happens when your body is not ready to make use of insulin to break down glucose for power HbA1c calculator calculates common plasma and entire blood glucose levels.

How lengthy does the blood sugar should be under say a hundred and forty each day However, dramatic fluctuations in your blood glucose levels might indicate issues This quantity is different from the blood sugar numbers that you just verify every day You and your health care group will resolve on an A1C goal that is best for you Check your blood sugar and see if it is above low diabetic blood sugar with diarrhea 0 your target degree or over 180.

If you are on an train plan, ask your physician for the most effective time to take your levels, to discover normal blood sugar for 29 year old female out the impacts your exercise plan is having Transforms glucose levels from mmol L to How Do You Get Diabetes normal blood sugar for 29 year old female mg normal blood sugar for 29 year old female dL and from mg dL to mmol L RBS is the test performed in emergency settings when a patient should be taken up for an pressing, unplanned operative procedure RBS test can also be used for serial monitoring of the blood sugar standing of a diabetic day by day by utilizing a do it yourself equipment A random blood sugar test is a test carried out to measure the levels of glucose in your blood There are wikipedia blood sugar quite a few completely different elements that blood sugar supplements can include.

It is advised to eat a small meal normal blood sugar for 29 year old female to stop any further drop in blood sugar These variations in blood sugar levels, both earlier than and after meals, reflect the method in which that the body absorbs and stores glucose After you eat, your physique breaks down the carbohydrates in meals into smaller components, together with glucose, which the small intestine can absorb This new blood sugar monitoring worksheet was designed for monitoring each mg dL and insulin dose type You can also record the sort of activity eg earlier than bedtime or before meal , and add notes such as medicine, diet, and exercise.

Blood glucose levels are normally regulated by the hormone insulin, which is made by the pancreas Diabetes occurs normal blood sugar for 29 year old female Blood Sugar Levels Chart when there is a problem with this hormone and the method it works in the body MODY is a heterogeneous Signs Of Low Blood Sugar maltodextrin have any effect on blood sugar disorder recognized by non insulin dependent diabetes recognized at a young age It carries an autosomal Arcondicionadoautomotivok2 normal blood sugar for 29 year old female dominant transmission and does not contain autoantibodies normal blood sugar for 29 year old female as in T1DM Type 2 diabetes is far extra widespread than type 1 diabetes, accounting for about ninety pc of all instances.

Diabetic retinopathy is a vital cause of blindness, and happens because of long term accrued damage to the small blood vessels within the retina Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glycaemia are maltodextrin have any effect on blood sugar Blood Sugar Levels Chart intermediate normal blood sugar for 29 year old female situations within the transition between normality and diabetes People with IGT or IFG are at excessive threat of progressing to type 2 diabetes, though this isn t inevitable This situation is characterized by hypertension, excess protein within the urine, and swelling within the legs and toes normal blood sugar for 29 year old female Preeclampsia can result in serious or even life threatening complications for both mom and baby.

In a diabetic, the glucose normal blood sugar for 29 year old female in the blood goes up and stays excessive after drinking the sweetened liquid A plasma glucose degree of 111 mmol L 200 mg dL or greater at two hours after consuming the syrup and at one different level in the course of the two hour test interval confirms the prognosis of diabetes Symptoms of diabetes can develop all of a sudden in beforehand healthy children or adolescents, or can develop steadily in chubby adults over the age of forty The basic signs embrace feeling tired and sick, frequent urination, extreme thirst, excessive starvation, and weight loss Type I diabetes, sometimes known as juvenile diabetes, begins mostly in normal blood sugar for 29 year old female childhood or adolescence In this type of diabetes, the physique produces little or no insulin.

Find out more about the science behind laughter and how you can begin incorporating extra of it into your life Are you feeling pissed off along with your weight loss journey and ready to throw in the towel Here s tips on how to keep away from breakfast errors and get on the right track Herbs and spices are an efficient way to add flavor to dishes, and also have a variety of well being benefits Want to prevent the loss of vitality and mind fog that always go hand in hand with aging Review our list of useful ideas and tricks that may ensure you age well.

Your blood sugar stage can rise for lots of reasons, together with eating too much, being sick or not taking enough glucose lowering medication If you ve hyperglycemia, you may want to regulate your meal plan, medicines or each Even with careful management, blood sugar ranges can sometimes change unpredictably Managing diabetes to improve patient outcomes requires a complex multidisciplinary approachBlood glucose monitoring is a crucial measurement of ongoing diabetes management Both diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar state require emergent management to scale back elevated blood glucose ranges with insulin therapy.

They may maltodextrin have any effect on blood sugar Blood Sugar Levels Chart improve your insulin sensitivity, which makes your normal blood sugar for 29 year old female body react reverse blood sugar problems to much less insulin This helps counteract the results of diabetes, which does the precise reverse Sometimes, these dietary supplements could improve the quantity of glucose your cells use, successfully reducing your blood sugar.

If normal blood sugar for 29 year old female your blood sugar reading is over four hundred mg dL, there s a probability that you have a false studying significantly should you aren t experiencing any signs For example, if there have been meals particles in your fingers or you used outdated or improperly stored take a look at strips, you does tums raise blood sugar might need gotten an inaccurate studying The quantity of carbohydrates you are eating isn t balanced along with your insulin medicine dosage Without insulin, your body begins to break down fat, triggering the production of chemical compounds called ketones, based on the ADA Diabetes has replaced each different situation to become the quickest rising way of life illness, globally Some people are more inclined to develop diabetes than others.

Alcohol is excessive in sugar and energy, which might increase the chance of type 2 diabetes Drinking moderately isn t likely to result in type 2 normal blood sugar for 29 year old female diabetes, but excessive drinking over time is often a trigger for its improvement The quantity of has low blood sugar after being stable carbs and sugar varies in each alcohol, so it s necessary to concentrate to labels and serving sizes when considering secure alcohol and blood sugar practices People with diabetes shouldn t count the calories in an alcoholic drink as a carbohydrate choice in their meal plan If you re having signs of low blood sugar, treat with 15 grams of rapid acting carbohydrate and re test in quarter hour If an individual is unable to talk and or Arcondicionadoautomotivok2 normal blood sugar for 29 year old female is not alert, treat with glucagon through injection or nasal spray.

Find key scientific follow suggestions primarily based on the most recent trials and expert opinions Search ADA s comprehensive database of Abstracts to search out how to know if your blood sugar is stable the 78 blood sugar results of the latest scientific research Make certain you at all times have at least three days value of provides available for testing and treating your diabetes in case of an emergency.

You may be considering that hyperglycemia can occur simply from consuming a super sugary meals, but it s not likely as simple as that This retains the quantity of glucose within the blood inside a reasonably tight vary A one that has no drawback with their capability to regulate blood glucose ought to by no means turn out to be considerably hyperglycemic, Dr Adimoolam says But 21 of adults with diabetes normal blood sugar for 29 year old female are unaware they have the illness, based on the CDC Glucose from protein is often stored within the liver and doesn t enter the bloodstream, so consuming protein rich foods won t raise your blood sugar an excessive amount of.

It includes cinnamon, which is a strong antioxidant that may assist regulate your blood sugar ranges Drinking in excess affects your body s ability to supply insulin Specifically, an excessive amount of alcohol can cause irritation to the pancreas, which impairs your body s ability to emit insulin To drink carefully, stick to one to 2 drinks per day at most.

Depending on what type of diabetes you ve, blood sugar monitoring, insulin and oral drugs may play a task in your remedy Eating a healthy diet, sustaining a 75 fasting blood sugar healthy weight and participating in common activity also are necessary factors in managing diabetes Throughout the day, it s not unusual for blood sugar levels to go up and down based on when you eat and the way your body releases a hormone referred to as insulin.

Amount of glucose in blood measured frequently by patients with diabetes Tell your diabetes care team should you ever have a extreme hypo that brought on you to have a seizure or match Tell your diabetes care staff when you ever have a severe hypo that triggered you to lose consciousness It mainly impacts individuals withdiabetes, especially in the occasion that they take insulin.

Today Molly Downy on from NutriSense, shares what you ll have the ability to study by carrying a steady glucose monitor Molly is a licensed dietician and nutritionist normal blood sugar for 29 year old female specializing in glucose management, metabolism and weight normal blood sugar for 29 year old female loss Chia and flax seeds are both wealthy in fiber and omega fatty acids and have a glycemic index score under 10 The fiber improves blood sugar control and insulin sensitivity by encouraging a gradual rise in blood sugar, stopping roller coaster spikes and drops This stabilizing effect helps you keep away from a sluggish feeling after meals.

Others require that you just check your blood sugar by running the receiver over the sensor periodically People residing with diabetes, notably these with type 1 diabetes, can also select to make use of CGMs These devices measure your blood sugar every couple of minutes utilizing a sensor inserted underneath the pores and skin These sensors are typically worn for every week or two before they need to be modified.

Because there are so much of supplements out there that use a selection normal blood sugar for 29 year old female of components, it s attainable to seek out one that works for you even when the normal blood sugar for 29 year old female Blood Sugar Levels Chart usual elements don t Generally, we ranked these dietary supplements decrease than others, simply because it was going to be more challenging to take them correctly We additionally aimed to only used supplements that had been made within the USA, UK, or Australia.

Type 2 diabetesThis is the commonest type of diabetes You can get kind 2 diabetes .

How To Beat Type 2 Diabetes

at any age, even during childhood With kind 2 diabetes, your body does not make enough insulin or is not ready to use its personal insulin appropriately There are new treatments for juvenile diabetes, and extra people with diabetes may be treated than ever before Learn the signs of T1D, the causes, and find ways to control your blood glucose ranges naturally There are two major kinds of diabetes, called sort 1 and sort 2.

In these uncertain instances a lab take a look at often recognized as a fructosamine concentration can be useful This check provides a tough average of a cat s blood glucose focus during the last two weeks, so wouldn t normal blood sugar for 29 year old female be affected by stress hyperglycemia Cats with diabetes most commonly suffer from the Type II type of the illness It is estimated that between zero2 and 1 of cats shall be diagnosed with diabetes throughout their lifetime.

Symptoms of diabetic nerve harm embrace numbness, burning, and aching of the ft and decrease extremities When the nerve illness causes a complete lack of sensation normal blood sugar for 29 year old female Blood Sugar Levels Chart in the ft, sufferers may not be aware of accidents to the toes, and fail to correctly defend them Shoes or different protection must be worn as a lot as attainable Seemingly minor pores and skin accidents should be attended to promptly to keep away from critical infections Because of poor blood circulation, diabetic foot accidents might not heal.

Although some individuals are more susceptible to these complications including people with sicknesses such as coronary heart illness and diabetes serious cardiovascular occasions aren t taking place solely in these people Insulin resistance is attributable to extra fatty acids and proinflammatory cytokines, which ends up in impaired glucose transport and increases fats breakdown Since there may be an insufficient response or manufacturing of insulin, the body responds by inappropriately increasing glucagon, thus additional contributing to hyperglycemia.

When you purchase a Certificate you get access to all course supplies, including graded assignments Upon completing the course, your digital Certificate might be added to your Accomplishments web page from there, you ll find a way to print your Certificate or add it to your LinkedIn profile If you solely wish to read and view the course content material, you ll find a way to audit the course free of charge I would recommend this course for anybody who seeks a General understanding of the diabetes How Do You Get Diabetes normal blood sugar for 29 year old female with particular diabetes signs low blood sugar emphasis on the major studies concerning the therapy approaches Exercise has many beneficial results but how does it actually work Professor Bente Klarlund will take you through the newest scientific research on how the train of skeletal muscular tissues have an effect on our organs and entire body.

The ranges of safe levels of blood glucose rely upon elements similar Signs Of Low Blood Sugar maltodextrin have any effect on blood sugar to what time of day it s and if you final ate Dangerous ranges of blood glucose are outdoors of this vary The A1 c check or haemoglobin A1C or HbA1c test is finished to measure your 167 blood sugar fasting average blood sugar in 3 months Higher levels indicate discrepancy when there may be an inconsistency found in the patient s regular blood sugar ranges chart.

This will contain a .

What Causes Low Sugar Level In The Blood

small prick in your finger so obtain a blood pattern Managing blood sugar levels is simple to do at home if you know the right measures to take Treatments are completely different for normal blood sugar for 29 year old female Blood Sugar Levels Chart prime and low blood sugar levels Causes of low Arcondicionadoautomotivok2 normal blood sugar for 29 year old female blood sugar ranges are very totally different and are as necessary to listen to, as they are in fact easier to regulate.

They ve been by way of it too and can perceive your worries Routine checks may help you know whenever does melanoma affect your blood pressure and blood sugar you may be beginning to go too low or too high It s a way of attending to know your physique and how it works.

Do not exercise in case your blood sugar is over 250 mg dL and ensure to drink plenty of water Ben Azadi and Kara Collier reveal everything you want to find out about intermittent fasting, the ketogenic food regimen, and .

More In Blood Sugar

main edge well being ideas Knowing this info may help you make customized dietary and life style adjustments to prevent metabolic What Is Normal Blood Sugar normal blood sugar for 29 year old female dysfunction down the street or enhance your present well being Here are a few recommendations and resources that will help you manage your mental health over the vacations Review our guide on the impacts of protein .

Causes And Risk Factors For Cardiovascular Disease In African Americans

on blood sugar and how one can safely eat the right amounts and kinds.

Since turkey is a protein, it has a glycemic index score of a perfect zero It s additionally full of chromium normal blood sugar for 29 year old female Blood Sugar Levels Chart a hint mineral Arcondicionadoautomotivok2 normal blood sugar for 29 year old female not naturally occurring in our bodies, but one that s important within the breakdown of food Plus, so lengthy as there is no added sugar, these foods even have a low glycemic index as nicely.

Sharing your frustrations and your triumphs with individuals who understand what you re going via could be normal blood sugar for 29 year old female very helpful And you could find that normal blood sugar for 29 year old female others have nice tricks to share about diabetes administration Explore Mayo Clinic research testing new treatments, What Is Normal Blood Sugar normal blood sugar for 29 year old female interventions and tests as a method to forestall, detect, treat or handle this situation If your cells are starved for energy, your physique may begin to break down fat.

The affected person is observed for indicators maltodextrin have any effect on blood sugar Blood Sugar Levels Chart and symptoms of diabetic neuropathy, eg, numbness or pain within the arms and toes, decreased vibratory sense, footdrop, and neurogenic bladder The urine is checked for microalbumin or overt protein losses, an early indication of nephropathy The mixture of peripheral neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease ends in modifications within the pores and skin and microvasculature that result in ulcer formation on the toes and lower legs with poor healing.

The common characteristics and metabolic risk components of the research population are presented in desk 2 and supplementary determine 2 The prevalence of whole diabetes was greater in males than in women The standardised prevalence of prediabetes was 352 335 to 370 in Chinese adults, recognized by the ADA criteria No significant differences in the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes had been found between city and rural residents.

This included 116 billion in direct normal blood sugar for 29 year old female medical costs for individuals with diabetes and one other sixty nine billion in other costs due to disability, untimely demise, or work loss Gestational diabetes, where the body does not correctly use insulin throughout pregnancy This type of diabetes normally goes away after the child is born In 2017 18, around 1 in every 6 females aged 15 49 who gave delivery in hospital had been identified with gestational diabetes 16 , or forty three,a hundred females , based on the National Hospital Morbidity Database Around forty seven,800 new cases of sort 1 diabetes have been recognized between 2000 and 2018 based on the National insulin treated Diabetes Register newline This was round 2,500 new instances of sort normal blood sugar for 29 year old female 1 diabetes every year an average of 7 new instances a day People identified with sort 1 diabetes additionally require regular insulin injections for the remainder of their life.

The formation and use of ketones is a normal process if it has been a very lengthy time since your last meal and your physique needs fuel Ketones are a problem when your fat is damaged maltodextrin have any effect on blood sugar down too fast in your body to course of and they construct up in your blood This makes your blood acidic, which is a condition called ketoacidosis The situation develops over a quantity of hours and might trigger coma and possibly even demise.

Throughout it all, know that diabetes can t keep your baby from doing whatever they need and achieve their highest objectives There are Olympic athletes with diabetes, as well as professional soccer players, politicians, actors, rock stars, and CEOs .

What Is The Main Cause Of Diabetes Type 2

You can do so a lot to ensure the individuals you love are thriving as they manage their diabetes Depression symptoms are common in people with sort 1 and sort 2 diabetes Type 2 cortizone shot increase blood sugar diabetes may increase the risk of dementia, such as Alzheimer s disease The poorer your blood sugar control, the larger the danger appears to be.

If you have diabetes, it s very important to get regular eye exams If you do develop diabetic retinopathy, early remedy can cease the injury and forestall blindness Diabetic retinopathy is caused by high blood sugar due to diabetes.

In any of those instances, your blood glucose ranges might rise because of the modifications in your hormone levels Having excessive blood glucose additionally puts us vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress The former is a situation by which mitochondria fail to produce vitality for cells The latter happens when free radicals outnumber antioxidants within the body and improve the risk of illness and different damage Phipps explains that, despite containing comparable amounts of carbohydrates, one serving of pasta may have a hugely completely different impact in your blood glucose ranges than one serving of rice Likewise, that serving of pasta may have an entirely completely different impact in your blood glucose levels than your friends or even household members.

But if you eat them together with other wholesome foods as a half of your meal, your blood sugar won t rise as quickly Diabetes is a illness in which your body either can t produce insulin or can t properly use the insulin it produces No matter which type you re recognized with or the place you might be in your journey living with diabetes is not easy.

Very large infants are extra doubtless to require a C section delivery Circumstances similar to publicity to a viral sickness probably play some position in kind 1 diabetes During pregnancy, the placenta produces hormones to maintain your pregnancy These hormones make your cells extra resistant to insulin.

Different What Is Normal Blood Sugar normal blood sugar for 29 year old female forms of insulin maltodextrin have any effect on blood sugar Blood Sugar Levels Chart could be combined and given in one dose or break up into What Is Normal Blood Sugar normal blood sugar for 29 year old female two or extra doses throughout a day Patients who require a number of injections over the course of a day could possibly use an insulin pump that administers small doses of insulin on demand The small battery operated pump is worn outdoors the physique and is linked to a needle that s inserted into the abdomen Pumps could be programmed to inject small doses of insulin at numerous instances during the day, or the patient might find a way to regulate the insulin doses to coincide with meals and exercise.

Polymorphisms have been recognized to affect the risk for T1DM, together with main histocompatibility advanced and human leukocyte antigen Identify the importance of enhancing collaboration and care coordination amongst the interprofessional group to reinforce the supply of look after patients affected by diabetes mellitus The signs of kind 2 diabetes are much like those of kind 1 diabetes.

This is as a end result of there s either not sufficient insulin to maneuver the glucose, or the insulin produced does not work correctly Many folks have kind 2 diabetes for years with out realising because the early symptoms tend to be basic In the UK, round 90 of all adults with diabetes have kind 2 Healthdirect s data and recommendation are developed and managed inside a rigorous medical governance framework This web site is licensed by the Health On The Net foundation, the usual for trustworthy well being info.

The clinicians should ask the affected person bout any recent pores and skin modifications of their toes throughout every visit The diabetic foot normal blood sugar for 29 year old female examination, including the monofilament take a look at, must be part of the routine physical exam African normal blood sugar for 29 year old female American adults, adolescents, and kids have Arcondicionadoautomotivok2 normal blood sugar for 29 year old female a high danger for, and a high prevalence of insulin resistance and overt How Do You Get Diabetes normal blood sugar for 29 year old female sort 2 diabetes mellitus African American diabetic sufferers receive lower high quality health care, are less well managed, and consequently have the next fee of issues than white diabetic patients.

Medical expenses for folks with diabetes are over two occasions greater than these for individuals who do not have diabetes Remember, these numbers replicate solely the inhabitants in the United States Diabetes also is a crucial think about accelerating the hardening and narrowing of the arteries , How Do You Get Diabetes normal blood sugar for 29 year old female leading to strokes, coronary heart disease, and other giant blood vessel ailments Provide culturally acceptable prevention, training, and lifestyle supports for all Aboriginal people Develop a health promotion, disease prevention technique for the whole population Monitor your blood glucose often as recommended by your doctor.

See the discussion on altering developments in the AIHW s Incidence of gestational diabetes in Australia report for more element This chart reveals the estimated age standardised proportion of people with diabetes based on self reported data from the ABS National Health Surveys between 2001 and 2017 18 The proportion increased from three3 in 2001 to four4 in 2017 18 however remained steady between 2014 15 and 2017 18 Almost 1 in 5 19 Australians aged 75 and over had diabetes in 2017 18, 4 occasions as high as for 45 54 yr olds Arcondicionadoautomotivok2 normal blood sugar for 29 year old female 45 and 19 instances as high as for 55 64 year olds 10.

You might not notice any signs, so it s important to get your blood sugar tested if you re at risk Type 2 diabetes could be prevented or delayed with wholesome way of life adjustments, such as losing weight, maintaining a wholesome diet food, and being lively Though there is no cure for feline diabetes, the prognosis for a good high quality of life is sweet with adequate administration at residence With early, aggressive treatment of diabetes, many cats will enter a state of diabetic remission, that means they re ready to preserve normal blood sugar ranges without insulin injections If a cat has not entered diabetic remission within the first six months after diagnosis, it ll almost certainly require life long insulin injections Cats who have achieved diabetic remission should continue to be fed a low carbohydrate diet and receive close monitoring, as some will finally require insulin therapy again.



©2000-2023. All Rights Reserved.